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''How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed'' is a non-fiction book about brains, both human and artificial, by inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil. First published in hardcover on November 13, 2012 by Viking Press〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/ray-kurzweils-how-to-create-a-mind-published )〕 it became a New York Times Best Seller. It has received attention from ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'' and ''The New Yorker''. Kurzweil describes a series of thought experiments which suggest to him that the brain contains a hierarchy of pattern recognizers. Based on this he introduces his Pattern Recognition Theory of Mind. He says the neocortex contains 300 million very general pattern recognition circuits and argues that they are responsible for most aspects of human thought. He also suggests that the brain is a "recursive probabilistic fractal" whose line of code is represented within the 30-100 million bytes of compressed code in the genome. Kurzweil then explains that a computer version of this design could be used to create an artificial intelligence more capable than the human brain. It would employ techniques such as hidden Markov models and genetic algorithms, strategies Kurzweil used successfully in his years as a commercial developer of speech recognition software. Artificial brains will require massive computational power, so Kurzweil reviews his law of accelerating returns which explains how the compounding effects of exponential growth will deliver the necessary hardware in only a few decades. Critics felt the subtitle of the book, ''The Secret of Human Thought Revealed'', over promises. Some protested that pattern recognition does not explain the "depth and nuance"〔 of mind including elements like emotion and imagination. Others felt Kurzweil's ideas might be right, but they are not original, pointing to existing work as far back as the 1980s. Yet critics admire Kurzweil's "impressive track record"〔 and say that his writing is "refreshingly clear",〔 containing "lucid discussions"〔 of computing history. == Background == Kurzweil has written several futurology books〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Kurzweil Accelerating Intelligence )〕 including ''The Age of Intelligent Machines'' (1990), ''The Age of Spiritual Machines'' (1999) and ''The Singularity is Near'' (2005). In his books he develops the law of accelerating returns. The law is similar to Moore's Law, the persistent doubling in capacity of computer chips, but extended to all "human technological advancement, the billions of years of terrestrial evolution" and even "the entire history of the universe". Due to the exponential growth in computing technologies predicted by the law, Kurzweil says that by "the end of the 2020s" computers will have "intelligence indistinguishable to biological humans". As computational power continues to grow, machine intelligence will represent an ever larger percentage of total intelligence on the planet. Ultimately it will lead to the Singularity, a merger between biology and technology, which Kurzweil predicts will occur in 2045. He says "There will be no distinction, post-Singularity, between human and machine...". Kurzweil himself plans to "stick around" for the Singularity. He has written two health and nutrition books aimed at living longer, the subtitle of one is "Live Long Enough to Live Forever".〔 One month after ''How to Create a Mind'' was published, Google announced that it had hired Kurzweil to work as Director of Engineering "on new projects involving machine learning and language processing". Kurzweil said his goal at Google is to "create a truly useful AI (intelligence ) that will make all of us smarter". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「How to Create a Mind」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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